vAVRdisasm - Free AVR Disassembler
Download the latest version of vAVRdisasm source here: vavrdisasm-1.2.tar.gz.
Download a Mac OS X Intel binary (compiled on 10.4.8) of vAVRdisasm here: vavrdisasm-intel-osx-1.2.gz.
Download a Linux x86 binary of vAVRdisasm here: vavrdisasm-linux-x86-1.2.gz.
ChangeLog
Version 1.2 - 2007/01/06
- format_disasm.c, format_disasm.h, ui_disasm.c: Added formatting of data constants in different bases (hexadecimal, binary, decimal).
- avr_instruction.c: Fixed a small bug/typo: first operand of “out” instruction is actually an I/O register.
Version 1.0 - 2007/01/03
- Initial release.
I have formatted the README, which does a good job of explaining what vAVRdisasm is and how to use it, for online viewing here.
README
vAVRdisasm - Version 1.0 - 2007/01/06
Vanya A. Sergeev - vsergeev at gmail.
Table of Contents
- ABOUT vAVRdisasm
- LICENSE
- COMPILING vAVRdisasm
- USING vAVRdisasm
- Ghetto Address Labels
- Shortcomings
- Source Code
- Sample Disassembly Outputs
1. ABOUT vAVRdisasm
vAVRdisasm is an AVR program disassembler. It supports all 136 AVR instructions as defined by the Atmel AVR Instruction Set, revision 0856E-AVR-11/05.
This single-pass disassembler can handle Atmel Generic, Intel HEX8, and Motorola S-Record formatted files containing valid AVR program binaries.
vAVRdisasm features a handful of formatting options, including:
- Printing the instruction addresses alongside disassembly, enabled by default
- Printing of the destination comments of relative branch/jump/call instructions, enabled by default
- Ghetto Address Labels (see “Ghetto Address Labels” section)
- Formatting data constants in different bases (hexadecimal, binary, decimal)
- .DW data word directive for data not recognized as an instruction during disassembly.
vAVRdisasm should work on most *nix platform, including a Cygwin environment. vAVRdisasm was written in C by Vanya A. Sergeev - vsergeev at gmail, and tested with the GNU C Compiler.
2. LICENSE
vAVRdisasm is released under the GNU General Public License.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; see the file "COPYING". If not, visit
http://www.gnu.org or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
3. COMPILING vAVRdisasm
Simply by running,
$ make
in the vAVRdisasm project directory should compile vAVRdisasm on most *nix systems, including a Cygwin environment. The Makefile is configured to use GCC to compile vAVRdisasm. vAVRdisasm should have no problem being compiled with “gmake”.
4. USING vAVRdisasm
- File Input:
- Options - -data-base-…
- Options - -no-…
- Options -l or - -address-label
- Options -h or - -help, -v or - -version
For most purposes, just type
$ ./vavrdisasm <AVR program file>
Example:
$ ./vavrdisasm sampleprogram.hex
vAVRdisasm will auto-recognize Atmel Generic, Intel HEX8, and Motorola S-Record files by their file extensions, but if it fails to do so, use the the -t or - -file-type option to specify the file format.
Example:
$ ./vavrdisasm -t generic sampleprogram
The file type argument to the option can be “generic”, “ihex”, or “srecord” for Atmel Generic, Intel HEX8, or Motorola S-Record formatted files, respectively.
vAVRdisasm will default to formatting data constants in hexadecimal. However, data constants can be represented in a different base with one of the following options: - -data-base-hex, - -data-base-bin, and - -data-base-dec.
By default, vAVRdisasm will print the instruction addresses alongside disassembly and destination comments for relative branch, jump, and call instructions. These formatting options can be disabled with the - -no-addresses and - -no-destination-comments options.
For usage information on the -l or - -address-label option see the “Ghetto Address Labels” section.
The -h or - -help option will print a brief usage summary, including supported program options and file types. The -v or - -version option will print the program’s version number.
If you encounter any program bugs or problems, please notify the program author by email: Vanya A. Sergeev - vsergeev at gmail.
5. Ghetto Address Labels
vAVRdisasm supports a unique formatting feature: Ghetto Address Labels, which few, if not any, single-pass disassemblers implement.
With the -l or - -address-label option and a supplied prefix, vAVRdisasm will print a label containing the (ideally) non-numerical supplied prefix and the address of the disassembled instruction at every instruction. Also, all relative branch, jump, and call instructions will be formatted to jump to their designated address label.
This feature enables direct re-assembly of the vAVRdisasm’s disassembly. This can be especially useful for quick modification of the AVR program assembly code without having to manually format the disassembly or adjust the relative branch, jump, and call distances with every modification to the disassembly.
The -l or - -address-label option overrides the default printing of the addresses alongside disassembly. Destination comments can still be used.
Example:
$ ./vavrdisasm -l “A_” sampleprogram.hex
vAVRdisasm’s disassembly will include address labels that will look like this A_0000:. For sample disassembly outputs by vAVRdisasm, see the “Sample Disassembly Outputs” section.
6. Shortcomings
- vAVRdisasm does not disassemble and display alternate versions of the same encoded instruction (i.e. showing “eor” in additon to “clr”). This technically means that the “cbr” instruction can never be displayed in the disassembly because the “andi” instruction precedes it in priority.
- vAVRdisasm does not display the original opcode of the disassembled instruction. The original opcode can be convenient for some disassembled instructions that were actually meant to be data words (.DW).
These features do not affect the accuracy of the disassembler’s output, and may be supported in future versions of vAVRdisasm.
7. Source Code
vAVRdisasm’s source code is heavily commented, because this disassembler was also a personal learning project of the author.
Operand prefixes (such as “R” for register operands or “$” for data operands) can be customized in the format_disasm.h header file.
Field width spacing of the addresses printed alongside disassembly, and the destination relative address comments can be customized in the ui_disasm.c source file.
The output file (default is stdout) can be changed in ui_disasm.c source file.
vAVRdisasm uses libGIS, a free Atmel Generic, Intel HEX8, and Motorola S-Record Parser Library to parse formatted files containing AVR program binaries. libGIS is available for free under a Public Domain license here.
libGIS is compiled into vAVRdisasm–it does not need to be obtained separately.
8. Sample Disassembly Outputs
These disassembly samples, produced by vAVRdisasm, are of the program code in the “Novice’s Guide to AVR Development” article of the Atmel Applications Journal.
$ ./vavrdisasm sampleprogram.hex 0: rjmp .0 ; 0x2 2: ser R16 4: out $17, R16 6: out $18, R16 8: dec R16 A: rjmp .-6 ; 0x6
$ ./vavrdisasm --no-destination-comments sampleprogram.hex 0: rjmp .0 2: ser R16 4: out $17, R16 6: out $18, R16 8: dec R16 A: rjmp .-6
$ ./vavrdisasm --no-addresses sampleprogram.hex rjmp .0 ; 0x2 ser R16 out $17, R16 out $18, R16 dec R16 rjmp .-6 ; 0x6
$ ./vavrdisasm --no-addresses --no-destination-comments sampleprogram.hex rjmp .0 ser R16 out $17, R16 out $18, R16 dec R16 rjmp .-6
$ ./vavrdisasm -l "A_" sampleprogram.hex .org 0x000 A_000: rjmp A_002 ; 0x2 A_002: ser R16 A_004: out $17, R16 A_006: out $18, R16 A_008: dec R16 A_00A: rjmp A_006 ; 0x6
$ ./vavrdisasm -l "A_" --no-destination-comments sampleprogram.hex .org 0x000 A_000: rjmp A_002 A_002: ser R16 A_004: out $17, R16 A_006: out $18, R16 A_008: dec R16 A_00A: rjmp A_006
The program sample above is modified slightly to illustrate vAVRdisasm’s ability to represent data constants in different bases.
$ ./vavrdisasm --data-base-bin sampleprogram2.hex 0: rjmp .0 ; 0x2 2: ser R16 4: out $17, R16 6: ldi R16, 0b00100011 8: out $18, R16 A: dec R16 C: rjmp .-6 ; 0x8
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